The Effect Of Tryptophan On The Brain - 2036 Words

Tryptophan is a large neutral amino acid present in living organisms, which is precisely one of the twenty L-amino acids incorporated in proteins and one of the nine essential amino acids which cannot be endogenously synthesised and needs to be supplied with ailments. It is a precursor for various neurotransmitters such as serotonin, which is essential for maintaining mood balance and the regulation of appetite. It is also regarded that a deficit of the neurotransmitter may lead to depression and other mood disorders. With that being said, intake of serotonin precursors is essential for the amount of serotonin in the brain. Tryptophan is absolutely necessary to life and is crucial, in terms of human diet. It has a limiting effect on appetite that decreases it and eventually leads to a sufficient concentration that can assist overweight or obese people to lose weight. The amino acid contributes greatly and leads to numerous positive effects wherein, one is its ability to prevent certain medical conditions and diseases. Inflammatory activities may reduce or decrease with the intake of tryptophan. Moreover, tryptophan plays a relevant role in cancer; as regards to the IDO- related immune tolerance for cancer antigens, methyl-Tryptophan derivatives and IDO inhibitors that are promising compounds for therapy against tumor growth and metastasis formation (Betti et al., 2015). A method of lowering serotonin levels in the brain is called Acute Tryptophan Depletion (ATD). ATDShow MoreRelatedDoes 5 Htp Help Improve Mood1435 Words   |  6 Pagesmaterials i.e. L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), will aid in more production of chemical compound 5-HTP in the body for production of serotonin, a very important hormone for mood regulation. Apart from restoration of serotonin production, 5-htp also helps improve on; pain thresholds, depression and anxiety, migraines and severe headaches, insomnia, weight loss and Fibromyalgia among others Understanding the functioning of 5-HTP In the body, 5-HTP is naturally produced from tryptophan then convertedRead MoreNutrition And Its Effects On Health933 Words   |  4 PagesJust as nutrition can have drastic effects on one’s physical health, nutrition can affect one’s mental health as well. The most common mental disorders that are prevalent in numerous countries are depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The dietary pattern of the general population in many countries reflect that they are often deficient in many nutrients, especially essential vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. Deficiency in these vitamins canRead MoreHistory Of N, N-Dimethyltryptamine ( DMT )1647 Words   |  7 Pagesscientific community, DMT has been around for thousands of years and is very familiar to the ancient tribes of Central and South America. DMT is the main ingredient in ayahuasca and can be derived from a variety of Amazonian plants. Its hallucinogenic effects are facilitated by heat and other combined herbs. In several of these indigenous cultures, ayahuasca is viewed as a gateway to enlightenment, as well to connect with religious figures, nature, and the universe. Ayahuasca gave the ancient tribes aRead MoreTryptophan Metabolism : Biosynthesis And Catabolism2818 Words   |  12 Pages Tryptophan Metabolism: Biosynthesis and Catabolism Tryptophan is one of the scarcest amino acids found in nature and is fundamental to most proteins found throughout vertebrates. This amino acid is crucial for sufficient growth in infants and to maintain nitrogen balance in adults. The IUPAC name for tryptophan is (2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl) propanoic acid and this amino acid is often abbreviated as â€Å"Trp† or â€Å"W.† Amino acids are a vital component of living organisms and act as building blocksRead MoreEssay Is Chocolate Physiologically or Psychologically Addictive?1263 Words   |  6 Pagesthey are depressed or stressed. The question is, do people crave chocolate because their bodies and brains are addicted to the chemicals in it or do people crave chocolate because they have a psychological attachment to it? Substances found in chocolate, such as phenylethylamine, theobromine, anandamide and tryptophan trigger mood enhancing chemicals and neurotransmitters to be released in the brain. Phenylethylamine is a chemical found in the body that is similar to amphetamine. It helps mediateRead MoreAutoimmune Disease By Vitamin D. D ) Case Study1070 Words   |  5 PagesThis important molecule is naturally occurs in all human cells12. Production of this cell is through the conversion of the amino acid tryptophan or vitamin B3, although it turns out vitamin B3 has one significant drawback12. And as we age, the metabolic activity in human body gets slow down. As due to less production of this molecule in the human body, there will be the less production of fuel energy production and immune system regulation as well12. Many years back, researchers observed NAD+ isRead MoreTp Case Study1246 Words   |  5 Pages Trp was widely recognized for its special role on feed intake regulation by up-regulate brain serotonin concentration in pig (Kroopmans et al., 2006; Pastuszewska et al., 2007). Although previous studies stated that L-Trp supplementation improved growth performance due to increasing of hypothalamic 5-HT production and reducing stress hormone concentrations. However, high levels of supplemental L-tryptophan were suggested by another study. High levels of supplemental L-Trp up to 0.2 to 1.0% whichRead MoreFood That Make You Happy965 Words   |  4 Pageseveryone in this world loves chocolates. People are just looking for excuses to have a bite. Chocolates contain anadamine, a chemical that makes us cheerful. Scientists believe that other components in chocolate help anadamine to stay longer in the brain. The sugar content boosts our levels of glucose and endorphins (another hormone which mak es us happy). Dont have chocolate in excess though. Salmon Salmon fish is a sea of omega-3 essential fatty acids which are regarded as one of the top anti-depressantsRead MoreChocolate, The Food Of The Gods1581 Words   |  7 Pagesalso made up of the substances Theobromine, Phenylethylamine, Tryptophan, Phenols, Catechins, and Anandamide. Theobromine, stimulates the central nervous system, facilitates muscular exertion, and acts as a diuretic and appetite stimulant. The second substance, Phenylethylamine, is an amphetamine-like psychoactive drug whose effect is said to resemble the feeling of being in love which I believe is true. Substance number three, Tryptophan, is an essential amino acid that increases serotonin productionRead MoreEssay On Asd Children1097 Words   |  5 PagesHow are Sulphate, B 12 and Tryptophan absorption in the body of ASD children? And How can this help us understand ASD symptoms and detection? SULPHATE LOW blood plasma sulphate in 92% of asd children. WARING 2001 and high sulphite in the urine. Waring explains how they started the studies decades before in Waring 2010. And continues to describe how while investigating how Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children metabolised paracetamol she discovered that to her surprise children with ASD had

Growth Of The Protagonist In Catcher In The Rye - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 488 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Catcher in The Rye Essay Did you like this example? Everyone knows that as you get older you have more responsibilities, but nobody notices these responsibilities until it is time to face them. Responsibilities become difficult and more frequent as we reach adulthood. Everyone has to go through the process of becoming an adult whether they like it or not. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Growth Of The Protagonist In Catcher In The Rye" essay for you Create order Each personrs process of maturing is different along the way. Coming of age is a very interest part in a humans life and many books and movies use this genre as part of their plot the bildungsroman genre. The word bildungsroman is German for a story which is a genre displays the mental and/or physical growth of the protagonist throughout their life in the story, in which character development and change is extremely important. A word from a German origin, but could also be translated to coming of age story. In the book, Catcher in the Rye, J. D. Salinger tells the story of Holden Caulfield, a teenager who has been in and out of schools since the day he started school . Holden walks through Manhattan all by himself as a way to show his independence and that he is mature, he encounters people and obstacles he has to deal with on his own. He talks to many people that he runs into along the way in the story. Holden is fairly antisocial and narcissistic.This book is considered a bildungsroman since he has become more mature since the begging of the book because of what he has endured and encountered throughout the book. In the book we see that Holdenrs isolation and feeling that he doesnt belong is the cause of most of his pain. He never addresses his own emotions directly.. He wants affections, but his bitter, narcissistic attitude prevents him from getting what he wants. His loneliness is the main source of why he doesnt get the love and affection he craves. For example, his loneliness makes him crave some type of relationship and causes him to go on a date with Sally Hayes, but his need for isolation causes him to insult her and drive her away. Another example of this is when he misses the meaningful connection he once had with Jane Gallagher, but he is too frightened to make any real effort to contact her. He depends on his loneliness and isolation even though it is slowly ruining him. The Catcher in the Rye sets an example of coming of age in Holdenrs life and the changes of children turning into an adult. Even though, Catcher in the Rye was written a long time ago many readers can connect to Holdenrs life. Because of Holdenrs isolating attitude he never comes to realize that he has grown up so quickly. Itrs a scary thought that our life passes by so quickly without our relocation. The author really shows us how our attitude and what we depend on affects the way we mature.

An Analysis of Queen Gertrudes Position in King Hamlets...

An Analysis of Queen Gertrudes Position in King Hamlets Death in William Shakespeares Hamlet Usually in a playwright, one of the authors objectives is to keep the viewer or reader confused or disconcerted about certain events in the plot. Certain characters in a play or story that have concocted covert schemes to perhaps murder or frame somebody, may have confusing effects on the viewer. Depending on the way the plan was developed in the plot the viewer may have to stop and ask themselves; who was involved; who was killed or framed; what events actually transpired; and what events happened after the murder. The viewer/reader is always trying to understand the events that have just recently taken place, or events that will take†¦show more content†¦King Hamlets death was a prearranged plot against Hamlet by Hamlets own brother Claudius. Claudius contrives a way to kill Hamlet while he is in torpor in his own garden. Claudius would then clandestinely pour poison in the Ki ngs ear, killing him instantly. Claudius now aggrandizing his greatness rises to power as the new king. The people of Denmark oblivious to the treason of the estate now blindly follow the new king, Claudius. However one night in Denmark, the ghost of Hamlet appears to talk to his son, prince Hamlet to warn him of the treason that is at hand. However, in the ghosts description of his murder was there no mention that the Queen had any part of it. The ghost had only instructed that Hamlet avenges his fathers murder by killing Claudius, and he leaves Gertrude to heaven. Now furious and aware of what he is dealing with, Hamlet is determined to get revenge for his father. Queen Gertrude does not claim to be unaware of the murder she is just assumed to be unaware to the murder. The reader/viewers first inclination the she is not a part of the plot is when the ghost appears at night and speaks to Hamlet. The apparition discusses with Hamlet the distress he is in and how his own brot her murdered him. Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder†¦but howsomever thou pursues this act, taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive againstShow MoreRelatedHamlet Tragedy Of The Mother And Son1137 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet-Tragedy of the Mother and Son William Shakespeare is a writer of tragedies—the tragedies within common everyday relationships. Of these various relationships, Shakespeare reveals his interest in the relationship between the mother and son within Hamlet. The mother: Queen Gertrude, and the son: Prince Hamlet is unique within the play because Hamlet’s relationship with his mother is rare in the sense that Gertrude is one of two women within Hamlet. And like the other woman, Gertrude is submergedRead More Psychoanalytic Analysis of Shakespeare?s Hamlet Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pages If one wants to truly understand the psychological implications of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the primary focus should be on the character Hamlet, and how he develops and modifies throughout the play. Using the fundamentals of the psychoanalytic perspective of critical evaluation, one would be able to truly identify and explore the true nature of Hamlet, and the effects that his character has on the situation s urrounding him. In order to gain a true understanding of most of the detail that isRead MorePsychoanalytic Analysis of Shakespeares Hamlet1341 Words   |  6 PagesIf one wants to truly understand the psychological implications of William Shakespeares Hamlet, the primary focus should be on the character Hamlet, and how he develops and modifies throughout the play. Using the fundamentals of the psychoanalytic perspective of critical evaluation, one would be able to truly identify and explore the true nature of Hamlet, and the effects that his character has on the situation surrounding him. In order to gain a true understanding of most of the detail that isRead More Inconsistency in Hamlet Essay2194 Words   |  9 PagesWilliam Shakespeare undoubtedly achieved one of his greatest characterizations when he created the role of Hamlet, in the tragic play Hamlet. Hamlets appeal to audiences almost certainly stems from his many human weaknesses. The one for which he is best known is inde cisiveness, but his inconsistency may well be an even more outstanding characteristic. T. S. Eliot, in 1932, wrote an essay on Hamlet that is still cited as a noted critique of Shakespeares great tragedy. Eliot argued that HamletRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay3604 Words   |  15 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet was written around the year 1600 in the final years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, who had been the monarch of England for more than forty years and was then in her late sixties. The prospect of Elizabeth’s death and the question of who would succeedRead MoreA Psychoanalytic Reading Of Hamlet Essay2158 Words   |  9 PagesAzam Shakespeare 4 December 2016 A Psychoanalytic Reading of Hamlet William Shakespeare s Hamlet is different from other Elizabethan revenge plays in the sense that the playwright did put much effort in depicting the psychological make-up of his hero Hamlet. The way Shakespeare portrays the psychological complexities of Hamlet, the play has become a lucrative text to the critics to see through the psychoanalytic lens. Analysis of Hamlet using psychoanalytic criticism reveals the inward states ofRead More Analysis of Ophelia from Hamlet Essay5117 Words   |  21 PagesAnalysis of Ophelia from Hamlet Ophelia is gentle, loving and beautiful. She is also obedient to her father and loyal to her family and it is this which draws her into the circle of disaster and leads to her untimely death. She is deeply in love with Hamlet and believes his tenders to be sincere, but her obedience to both her father and her brother must come first. Laertes tells her to beware of Hamlets interest as it is driven by lust, not love. He also points out the difference in their

The Stereotype Of A Smart High Achieving Asian American...

The model minority is a member of a minority group either based on ethnicity, race, or religion whose members are commonly perceived to achieve a higher level of success than the average population. The success that an individual reaches is typically measured by income, education, low crime rates and high family stability achieved throughout their lives. The stereotype of the model minority is commonly associated with Asian Americans as they are assumed to achieve highly in academics which will thus propel them up the economic ladder. The stereotype of a smart high achieving Asian American student is fueled by other stereotypes such as Asians being good at math and that they all go to college. The intelligence stereotypes created by society are the reason why some individuals feel pressured to succeed and feel as if failure is not as option. If its not the student who feels the pressure, than it is the parent that pushes to child to do well. So called helicopter parents, that push th eir children into professions or schools that the child may not want to attend, but have no choice as the school or profession will bring upon great fortune and pride to the family. The parents push upon their own ambitions and dreams onto the child and are looking out for the child s future even if it is not necessarily the child s desire. However, along with the idea of a child succeeding both academically and financially come the notion that the child may only excel in school. The childShow MoreRelatedA Summary On Asian Americans And Stereotype Promise1274 Words   |  6 PagesUnassimilable to Exceptional: the Rise of Asian Americans and â€Å"Stereotype Promise,† I think about my own experience as an Asian American student within a predominately white school and how the stereotype promise plays a big part in my life. According to both authors, stereotype promise is the promise of being viewed through the lens of a positive stereotype, which, in turn, can enhance the performance of Asian Americans students (Zhou and Lee 7). These stereotypes becomes what the author has called, â€Å"symbolicRead MoreStereotyping of Asian American Youth: The Effects on Performance in Academics846 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout American history, the United States has been a cauldron where different diversities mix and mingle. In this hot pot of diversity, all of the ingredients (ethnicities) will not always conform to one and other; this could possibly lead to discrimination. This paper will be primarily focus on the discrimination towards Asian American youth of the 21st century and how it affects their academics. The research question guiding this investigation is â€Å"To what extent does the stereotyping of Asian AmericanRead MoreHow Asian Discrimination Is The World Of Academics1231 Words   |  5 Pagesha s been used to label Asians as foreigners. The usage of this term has kept the continuation of Asians being deprecated in America. An article by The Economist, â€Å"The Model Minority is Losing Patience†, explains how Asian discrimination is invoked into the world of academics. â€Å"He was rejected by six of the seven Ivy League colleges to which he applied† (Economist). We must learn to embrace the Asian diversity, though the history of America has left a period of where the Asian population has been affectedRead MoreHigh Expectations From Their Family Members And Parents1352 Words   |  6 Pages They grow up with high expectations from their family members and parents. In school, they are expected to be at the top, the number one in their class. Anything below a ninety is failure. â€Å"Education is the key to success† is all they hear, and that becomes a part of them. The pressure many Asian students receive from home and society is back-breaking. It is p hysically and mentally demanding. There are intimidating voices whispering through our ears, pressuring us to do the best, be the best andRead MoreMean Girls, directed by Mark Waters1221 Words   |  5 PagesToday is your first day of public high school in America. Mean Girls portrays high school to be a social jungle created by the girls in the American education system through a basic rise and fall plot, demonstration that the social ecology is more important than academics, and direction of typical high school stereotypes toward a teenage female audience. The basic plot of Mean Girls is that of an innocent new girl being thrown into the social jungle of American high school education and rising toRead MoreThe Truth About The Model Minority1967 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Model Minority â€Å"Hey you’re good at math†, â€Å"Hey you’re dumb for an Asian†, â€Å"Well of course he’s good at that, he’s Asian†. These are the phrases that defined my childhood and still are relevant to my daily life. These are phrases are a part of what society calls today â€Å"The Model Minority Myth†. This all started during World War II, where Chinese and Japanese Americans adopted a plan to promote assimilation with the American people. With this plan, they succeeded in proving to America, that theyRead MoreAnalysis Of Andre M. Perry s Article Stop Blaming Black Parents For Underachieving Children Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pageswrote this article as a response to the city mayors, school administrators, and even the President of the United States, who suggested to the public that African-American parents don t care about their kid’s education. Most people believe colored children s parents don t care about education beca use it is, â€Å"considered white to be smart† and since colored children aren’t white, they shouldn t worry about higher education. Dr. Perry strongly believes that only people can decide whether they wantRead MoreAnalysis Of A Letter I My Son By James Baldwin2192 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Asian continent like China and India are naturally considered â€Å"Asian†. The fact being Middle Eastern countries Saudi Arabia and Iraq are also Asian. In ‘A letter to my nephew’, James Baldwin emphasises how poorly the black culture is being treated. Stressing how, specifically, his people are treated so poorly only based on their skin color which takes away from one s culture and tradition involving the takeover of racism, minimizing the culture. What most fail to realize is that Asians, areRead MoreThe Discrimination Of African Americans1837 Words   |  8 Pagesbacks. Being a minority comes with stereotypes and prejudice; although the majority faces prej udice too, it may not be as prevalent as prejudice towards the minority. Equality in America is on the rise, but most minorities face problems that they faced years ago. African-Americans, Latinos, Asians, Native Americans, and Cajuns have struggled in different ways while residing in the United States of America. African-American people have made many strides in American culture. They faced equality issuesRead MoreMulticultural Education Issues2680 Words   |  11 Pagesto multicultural education and how it affecting the minority students and ELL learners. These negative attitudes that some teachers care can be considered a reason why there is such an increase of high school dropouts. There are so many teachers who often have a fear of teaching or building positive relationships with minority or under privilege students. In this American society we have witness stereotypes being used to label students in the classroom by teachers who just have some underlying issues

Better Known As No Child Left Behind Education Essay Free Essays

string(105) " between engaged instructor leaders and pupil accomplishment is profound and important \( DuFour, et al\." In 2002, Public Law 107-110 dramatically changed the answerability of public schools. Better known as No Child Left Behind ( NCLB ) , this jurisprudence requires schools to yearly document bettering pupil public presentation through standardised testing. Since all schools must turn out Adequate Yearly Progress ( AYP ) , Fullan noted that redress plans, after school tutoring Sessionss, excess tutoring in mathematics and reading, specially designed single plans, and many other pupil redress attempts have been employed to assist pupils accomplish proficiency. We will write a custom essay sample on Better Known As No Child Left Behind Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Districts have hired extra instructors to supply remedial mathematics and reading direction, and benchmark appraisals chronicling pupil advancement have become common topographic point ( Fullan, Hill A ; Crevola, 2006 ) . Fullan observed that schools use informations direction systems to warehouse pupil information, giving instructors entree to real-time public presentation informations, and have developed edifice agendas to give instructors the ability to flexibly group pupils based upon their single public presentation demands. In world, all schools seeking to accomplish or keep AYP continually search for schemes that will give them any advantage in bettering overall pupil public presentation on compulsory high bets trials ( Senge, 2000 ) . Yet, more demands to be done to guarantee that no kid is left behind ( Fullan, 2008 ) . The research worker in this survey stepped off from the microscopic scrutiny of how advanced curricular plans and high-impact schemes increase single trial tonss for pupils. Rather, the research worker looked at the patterns identified and developed by the concern community at big that have been shown to raise the degree of employee battle which so improves a ) public presentation, B ) profitableness, degree Celsius ) client satisfaction, vitamin D ) productiveness, and vitamin E ) lower turnover of concern units ( Buckingham A ; Coffman, 1999 ) . Since Buckingham noted that there is a profound relationship between success in concern and employee battle, the research worker in this survey will analyse principals ‘ perceptual experiences of patterns that raise employee battle in the concern community and their sensed effectivity in bettering teacher battle in the schools where they lead. Harmonizing to Scarlett, employee battle â€Å" is indispensable in concern, yet few organisations successfully define, step, or pull off this leading theoretical account. † Top-performing concerns understand this force in driving public presentation prosodies ( Coffman, 2003 ) . For this survey, employee battle is defined as the â€Å" measureable grade of an employee ‘s positive or negative emotional fond regard to their occupation, co-workers, and organisation which deeply influences their willingness to larn and execute at work † ( Scarlett, 2011 ) . In order to raise battle, organisations seek to construct partnerships between the organisation and its employees such that employees to the full understand and are committed to accomplishing the organisation ‘s aims and the organisation respects the personal aspirations and aspirations of its employees ensuing in invention and forward motion ( Coffman, 2003 ) . Buckingham and Coffman ( 1999 ) have outlined a strong instance that shows the importance of the director and their managerial patterns in raising the degree of employee battle. So, if implemented by principals, would these same schemes and patterns that have been shown to drive up degrees of employee battle and public presentation positively impact teacher battle? Bellamy and others noted that public presentation outlooks for principals in this high-stakes testing epoch are at unprecedented high degrees. While principals still hold the duty for effectual edifice direction, at no other clip has the force per unit area to better trial tonss so significantly weighed upon their shoulders and focused their attending more on instructional leading. â€Å" Once responsible chiefly for internal operations, principals now are accountable to the community, school territory, province, and even federal authorities for bettering pupil acquisition and shuting the accomplishment spreads between diverse cultural and socioeconomic pupil groups † ( Bellamy, et al. , 2007, p. 1 ) . Pollack and Ford noted that school systems and communities still expect principals to a ) create safe environments, B ) develop effectual agendas, degree Celsius ) hire and supervise quality staff, vitamin D ) speak good in public, vitamin E ) efficaciously discipline pupils, degree Fahrenheit ) manage mountains of paperwork day-to-day, and g ) reference an eternal watercourse of issues that vie for their clip. Pollack continues that while dexterously managing all of these normal outlooks, principals are besides expected to a ) analyze informations, B ) develop programmatic betterment programs, degree Celsiuss ) program and run high quality professional development, vitamin D ) follow a litany of province authorizations related to pupil informations, and e ) create environments contributing to high-performance. They are expected to be change agents while non angering any constituency ( Pollack A ; Ford, 2009 ) . Porras and Thompson surmised that with all of these outlooks, it is cri tical for principals to understand their alone abilities and duties and allocate the right sum of clip to each, non equal or balanced parts, but instead their ain separately chosen penchants. They need to hold the freedom to take what is of import to make and so hold the assurance to move on what they have chosen ( Porras A ; Thompson, 2007 ) . Fullan ( 2008 ) noted that the solution to over-taxed administrative duties is â€Å" non to unfetter the principal to move autonomously, but instead to enable focussed coherence † ( p. 13 ) in their actions. One facet of this coherence is to prosecute instructors at high degrees in the mission of the school, a key to efficaciously pull offing schools. Teacher battle is critical to school betterment, measured by the three dimensions of schoolroom instruction and acquisition: a ) teacher-student relationships, B ) pedagogical patterns, and degree Celsius ) teacher relationships with the organisation ( Lesko, 1986 ) . The principal is expected to take schools where his or her instructors are given the chance to prosecute in action research on a sustained footing in a collaborative environment. â€Å" The leader ‘s map is to supply chances for instructors to work together in self-managing squads to better their ain direction, ever with the outlook for improved acquisition † ( DuFour, et al. , 2005, p.147 ) . In a sense, this transportations leading for larning to and raises the battle of the instructor. The relationship between engaged instructor leaders and pupil accomplishment is profound and important ( DuFour, et al. You read "Better Known As No Child Left Behind Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" , 2005 ) . Gordon noted that there are organisational barriers to raising teacher battle degrees such as a ) association understandings, B ) school board mandates, degree Celsius ) limited learning schemes, vitamin D ) pupil agendas, and vitamin E ) yesteryear patterns ; those established patterns non portion of formal understandings. These barriers can and make impact the instructor ‘s â€Å" emotional fond regard to their occupation, co-workers, and organisation † ( Scarlett, 2011 ) . It is critical, hence, to concentrate on increasing instructor battle ( Gordon, 2006 ) in order to raise school public presentation. Gordon observed that the literature on raising public presentation through raising employee battle in the workplace is plentiful in business-oriented literature. Gordon continued to detect that raising the degree of employees ‘ battle is non yet as influential in educational scenes as it is in the workplace ; nevertheless, the attempt to prosecute instructors is deriving land. Research has studied the features of the best employees for decennaries. As more surveies of the features of the best instructor continue to emerge, a similarity is that they have a high degree of battle ( Gordon, 2006 ) . Buckingham and Coffman ( 1999 ) touted the importance of holding extremely engaged employees, and organisations like Gallup, the Harvard Business School, the Albert Shanker Institute, and the Academy of Human Resource Development have each noted the positive economic impact of occupied workplaces. Odell ( 2007 ) showed that companies with the highest per centum of occupied workers experience greater net income. â€Å" In a 12-month survey across 50 companies: companies with the highest per centum of occupied workers had a 19 % addition in runing incomes and a 28 % addition in net incomes per portion † ( p. 1 ) . Statisticss like this spring increased inducement to find whether the degree of principals ‘ perceptual experiences of best patterns in concern direction has any impact on instructor battle. Building on the work of infinite business-oriented surveies, this survey will analyze specific patterns that have been identified and shown to raise concern unit public prese ntation and examine principals ‘ perceptual experiences as to whether these same patterns may impact teacher battle in a positive mode. Need for the Study Parents, irrespective of socio-economic or cultural background, want to direct their kids to schools committed to excellence ( Beare, et al. , 1990 ) . Every instructor longs for the professional energy of working in an environment of educational excellence ( McEwan, 2002 ) . Principals dream of taking a community of scholars committed to excellence ( Whitaker, 2003 ) . Overseers, school board members, policy shapers, even existent estate agents all imagine that their communities will be led by schools of excellence ( Fullan, 1993 ) . The hunt for schools of differentiation is a regular portion of eternal conversations about pupil acquisition ( Sparks, 2007 ) . No Child Left Behind statute law has forced schools to a ) examine trial tonss, B ) survey instructor methodological analysis, degree Celsius ) research course of study enterprises, vitamin D ) observe instructional focal point, vitamin E ) investigate edifice agendas, and degree Fahrenheit ) consider multiple informations from a assortment of beginnings. It has besides required the reappraisal and survey of patterns of every constituent that comprises the makeup of schools ( Pa. Dept. of Ed. , 2009 ) . The high force per unit area, high bets environments within schools can impede attitudes and perceptual experiences doing many to rethink the profession ( Gordon, 2006 ) . The demands on principals continue to spread out as the hunt for patterns that will better pupil larning intensifies ( Gordon, 2006 ) . Stronge ( 1988 ) found that a typical principal ‘s twenty-four hours was characterized by multiple managerial undertakings and diverse maps, including a ) clerical, B ) budgetary, and degree Celsius ) other generalist undertakings. At that clip, Stronge stated that change overing principals into instructional leaders would necessitate a drastic function redefinition. Since Stronge ‘s research in his 1988 paper, principals ‘ preparation and support have since shifted off from direction to instructional leading. Instructional leading has become the focal point of a ) seminars, B ) doctorial plans, degree Celsiuss ) national organisations that support instruction, vitamin D ) literature, vitamin E ) professional diaries and vitamin D ) province statute law mandating go oning instruction preparation for principals ( Hallinger, 2003 ) . The managerial undertakings that Stronge mentions, nevertheless, have non disappeared, and today, some chief preparation plans exclude m anagerial preparation. The twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours direction of edifices still exists ( Stronge, 2008 ) . Through the Gallup Corporation, research workers like Buckingham and Coffman ( 1999 ) and Harter, et Al. ( 2009 ) have studied high executing work topographic points for old ages. Business literature has documented the positive public presentation impact of holding engaged employees. Gordon noted that there has been small involvement in developing resources to analyze occupied schools. Reeves ( 2008 ) proposed a new model that would advance effectual alteration through raising the degree of teacher leading and stated that instructors must be actively engaged in prosecuting additions in pupil acquisition. Marzano, et Al. ( 2005 ) and Whitaker ( 2003 ) have documented that the patterns exhibited by principals make a difference in raising pupil public presentation. This education-based literature gives limited attending to outdo patterns in concern direction. Has the good displacement of focal point onto best patterns in instructional leading moved principals ‘ preparation excessi vely far off from best patterns in direction as described in business-oriented literature? In today ‘s educational environment, every advantage, no affair how little, is pursued in order to give schools increased pupil public presentation ; hence, are at that place concern direction patterns implemented by principals that impact instructors ‘ battle degree that would so ensue in improved pupil public presentation? The research worker in this survey will analyze chief perceptual experiences of best concern direction patterns in operating schools and analyze the impact of these perceptual experiences on overall instructor battle. Statement of the Problem Businesss expend considerable resources in order to develop occupied employees. Buckingham noted that an increased degree of employee battle drives up a ) public presentation, B ) productiveness, degree Celsius ) client satisfaction and vitamin D ) reduces turnover of single concern units. Therefore, would at that place be similar result on improved acquisition when instructors are more extremely engaged? Buckingham attributes the success for raising employee battle straight to the director. Whitaker ( 2003 ) has shown that the best principals are taking schools to better pupil larning. Therefore, will the actions of the principal thrust up the degree of instructor battle, holding a coincident positive impact of pupil public presentation? The research worker in this survey assessed the principals ‘ perceptual experiences of concern direction patterns and their impact on instructor battle. Definition of footings Several definitions are necessary to clear up points for depicting this survey sing chief patterns, teacher battle and pupil public presentation. These operational definitions will be referenced throughout this survey. Adequate Yearly Progress ( AYP ) . A signaling system bespeaking whether schools are on path to learn all pupils what they need to cognize each school twelvemonth ( Education Trust, 2004 ) . Business Management Practices. Evidence and experimental patterns that can be imitated, adapted, and continually improved to increase a ) public presentation, B ) productiveness, and degree Celsius ) profitableness ( Welch A ; Welch, 2005 ) . Business Units. The lowest institutional member of the corporation changing from industry to industry: for banking, it is a subdivision ; for cordial reception it is a eating house or a hotel ; for fabricating it is a mill ; and so on ( Buckingham and Coffman, 1999 ) . Effective Schools. A school characterized by a ) strong administrative leading, B ) effectual direction for ALL kids, degree Celsius ) an orderly ambiance, vitamin D ) larning taking precedency over all other activities, vitamin E ) reallocation of resources to farther cardinal aims, and degree Fahrenheit ) frequent monitoring of pupil advancement ( Edmonds, 1979 ) . Engaged Employees. â€Å" A measureable grade of an employee ‘s positive or negative emotional fond regard to their occupation, co-workers, and organisation which deeply influences their willingness to larn and execute at work † ( Scarlett, 2011 ) . Engaged Teachers. Measured by the three dimensions of schoolroom instruction and acquisition: a ) teacher-student relationships, B ) pedagogical patterns, and degree Celsius ) instructor dealingss with the organisation of learning ( Lesko, 1986 ) and a procedure, analogue to student battle, in which the instructor is consciously cognizant of his or her function in the acquisition procedure ( Kennedy, 1998 ) . Leadership. The act of supplying counsel and supervising to subsidiaries while originating new constructions, processs, and ends ( Sergiovanni, 2000 ) . Moral Purpose. Principled behavior connected to something greater than 1s self that relates to human or societal development ( Fullan, 2003 ) . No Child Left Behind ( NCLB ) . A reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 intended to shut the accomplishment spread with answerability, flexibleness, and pick. ( US Dept. of Ed, 2002 ) . Pennsylvania System of School Assessment ( PSSA ) . A standards-based, criterion-referenced appraisal used to mensurate a pupil ‘s attainment of the academic criterions while besides finding the grade to which school plans enable pupils to achieve proficiency of the criterions ( Pa. Dept. of Ed. , 2012 ) . Principal. The person who is charged with the duties to a ) direct, B ) operate, and degree Celsius ) administer the activities of a school ( The Pennsylvania Code Online ) . Chief patterns. The manner in which principals allocate their attending across major countries of duty, the extent to which principals emphasize different countries of duty in different contexts, and the extent to which personal, single properties affect how principals allocate their clip and attending ( Camburn, 2008 ) . Site-Leadership. A procedure to transform schools into communities where the appropriate people participate constructively in major determinations that affect them ( Elmore, 2000 ) . Sustainability. â€Å" The capacity of a system to prosecute in the complexnesss of uninterrupted betterment consistent with deep values of human intent † ( Fullan, 2005, p. nine ) . Trial Cycles. The one-year procedure of finishing province required testing ( PA Department of Education ) . Transformational Leadership. Style of leading in which the leader identifies a ) the needful alteration, B ) creates a vision to steer the alteration through inspiration, and degree Celsius ) executes the alteration with the committedness of the members of the group ( Kotter A ; Cohen, 2002 ) . Restrictions This survey surveyed and interviewed principals from cardinal Pennsylvania and asked the same principals to react to open-ended inquiries. The little figure of school territories included and the little participant pool may impact the findings of this survey. The study was completed electronically and could hold been impacted by the web administrative scenes at each respondent ‘s school. The interviews of these principals could hold been impacted by attitudes ensuing from current complicated issues happening at their specific schools, such as a ) altering course of study, B ) rapid alterations in demographics, degree Celsius ) decrease of support for specialised plans, vitamin D ) decrease in staffing, vitamin E ) increasing registration, degree Fahrenheit ) alterations in attending boundaries, g ) retirements of cardinal forces, and H ) curtailment of support from outside bureaus like Intermediate Units. Other restrictions may hold occurred if excessively many a ) schemes, B ) plans, and degree Celsius ) enterprises were implemented at the same time, therefore interfering with the ability to place specific plans that impact pupil public presentation and school clime. Finally, the degree of experience and preparation of the principal in instructional leading and concern direction may hold significantly influenced the informations and its correlativities to teacher battle. This may hold caused trouble in accurately analysing the informations and could hold led to inaccurate correlativities impacting teacher battle. The everyday activities of the topics in this survey were minimally interrupted. Each topic was asked to constructively analyse their apprehension of concern patterns and their sensed efficaciousness in impacting the degree of teacher battle. Principals who agreed to take part in this survey could hold felt a sense of insecurity since they might presume that non using these patterns may act upon them in a negative manner. There was minimum hazard to topics due to the confidential nature of the survey, the namelessness of the study participants, and the confidentiality protocols put in topographic point to guarantee the namelessness of the interviewees. Research Questions The intent of this survey was to analyze principals ‘ perceptual experiences of concern leading patterns and their impact on instructor battle. Surveies, unfastened ended responses, and interviews with principals were used to garner perceptual experience informations. The undermentioned inquiries guided this survey: What concern direction patterns do principals happen valuable to raising the degree of instructor battle? What does the principal do to implement his or her top five concern direction patterns in order to raise the degree of instructor battle? From the principal ‘s position, how does teacher engagement impact pupil public presentation? Drumhead The hunt for activities and actions that will give schools public presentation advantages on standardised trials is continuously spread outing. Over the last 20 old ages, much has been written about the principal ‘s function as instructional leader. From Blase to Fullan, from Lambert to Lezotte, from Marzano to McEwen, Reeves, Schmoker, Sergiovanni, Stronge, and Whitaker all have called principals to greater functions in instructional leading. However, during that same timeline, much has been left unexpressed about principals ‘ function in effectual direction of their assigned school. Concurrently, an detonation of research and Hagiographas related chiefly to the concern community has clarified the actions, beliefs, and schemes of best directors. Blanchard, Buckingham, Coffman, Collins, Gordon, Kotter, Lencioni, Maxwell, Porras, Rath, Welch and many others have filled the shelves of book shop concern subdivisions with information about excellence in direction. This survey analyzed principals ‘ perceptual experiences of concern direction patterns that have been shown to raise employee battle and when implemented in schools ; their sensed impact on instructor battle. How to cite Better Known As No Child Left Behind Education Essay, Essay examples

Extension of Congruity Theory and Sources †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Extension of Congruity Theory and Sources. Answer: Introduction Consumer behavior and the knowledge and understanding of the interest and attitudes of consumers have become a very significant element in the modern business world as stated by Chen, Kim, and Lin, (2015). At most times consumers always find themselves been indifferent in making choices the will help them satisfy their wants. Consumer behavior, in this case, may be described as the inductive study of different groups, organizations, and individuals in a bid to understand their processes in selecting, use and disposal of products, their experiences, and ideas in satisfying their needs. Many marketing researchers have always tried to provide an understanding and help in the determination of the impact caused by advertising on consumer attitudes towards the purchase of products. They propose a likely potential for a direct link between the attitudes of consumers towards an advertisement and a similar attitude and behavior towards the brand been advertised as analyzed by Soopramanien (20 11, p. 34). Both company advertising and online review are techniques used by marketing officers to enhance and grow their sales. In this study we will provide an understanding of both techniques on what they entail, the impact they bear on consumer decision on purchasing products as well as propose the technique that consumers seem to believe and rely upon than the other. Business advertising and information systems around the globe suggest that most of the companies advertising both through the traditional and through the internet have been argued to be ignored by the audience and at times seen to have no value according to Walther et al. (2012, p. 90). Advertising of company products has been a channel through which most businesses and companies have recorded increased profit margins due to the extensive cover and reach to the companys customers. Owing to its benefits, it cannot be ignored that advertising is a key and significant factor driving the increased financial gains in different companies. However, due to the vast business environments and increased demands of products with detailed specification, the mode of conducting company advertisement has drastically changed from the traditional advertising technique to online business reviews. And as much as the businesses have embraced the change the underlying question is which technique bears mor e positive effects to consumers in making their purchases (Dhurup, Muposhi, Shamhuyenhanzva, 2015, p. 78). Some of the reasons leading to the decline in reliance on traditional media and internet advertising include; increased number of advertisements which are competing for individual attention on a daily basis as provided by Farhangi et al. (2015, p. 678).The time and resource for advertisements are also limited, and hence individuals cannot or find it difficult to dedicate time for the advertisements. Consumer attitudes towards advertisement in the modern world have been used to for different purposes, functions in both building product brands as well as for directional purposes. Different factors have led to different perceptions of advertisements among the consumers as noted by Kugler (2014, p. 45). Consumer attitude about advertising and purchasing of products can be defined as a certain predisposition in consumers which influences their behavior to react and respond in a favorable or unfavorable manner to a particular advertisement. Such an attitude by the consumers can result in e ither an effective component or a cognitive component. An effective component in consumer behavior reflects the emotions evoked by the advertisement while cognitive component reflects the usefulness of the information and message in the advertisement. The way in which a consumer assesses an advertisement has been linked to the impact on the brand attitude by the consumer. Such a result shows that both the consumer attitude towards the brand and the intention to purchase a product is influenced not only by the consumer belief on the brand but also to some extent by the attitude of the consumer towards the advertisement. Another factor which can trigger affective and cognitive feelings towards a particular advertisement is the consumer exposure to the advertisement. Such feelings and thoughts will then influence the consumer's attitude towards the brand being advertised both directly and indirectly through shaping the brand cognitions. It is believed that the consumers with a positive favorable attitude towards an advertisement tend to be more receptive to arguments for the brand being advertised. An advert should not take more attention as compared to the brand attributes as the attributes of a brand or product sell it more as compared to the advertisement itself. There is an argument that consumer levels of involvement in the purchasing decision may also influence by the consumer's attitude towards the brand, these were observations of Schindler and Bickart (2012, p. 78).In this case, the brand attitude is higher under low involvement conditions. Although some other studies show that the consumer attitudes to advertisements often contribute to brand attitudes under both high and low consumer involvement. These findings are supported by the by the fact that different components of consumer attitude to the advertisements require both the central and peripheral processing of the communication messages. Therefore under low involvement, the response of feeling evoked by the advertisement is seeing to be a major contributor to the possibility of consumers to like the advertisement . If the feelings towards the advertisement are positive then the way in which the advertisement information is also evaluated favorably. Hence the effective component and cognitive component seems to surround the consumer knowledge on the products which limits the usefulness of the technique as many individuals do not have the time to concentrate on advertisements as pointed out by Lemon and Verhoef (2016, p. 34). On the other hand, online product reviews have become an important source of information source of income for consumers in guiding them in making purchase decisions, especially in emerging markets due to the limited information available on the market. There has been an increase or rapid growth in the number of internet users who have adopted the new alternative use of internets to get or search for products. Most of the current online shopping reviews are all about delivering, packaging but not on the actual products. Consumer attitude, in this case, is said to be a combination of perceptions, values, and beliefs. Customers or consumers must therefore first perceive the product as the product, the focus on the value and beliefs attached to the product and then make decisions as to whether they will purchase the products or not as discussed in a report by Jha and Singhs (2014, p. 78). According to Nitzan andLibra (2011), the online reviews have some advantages over company advertisements, which have contributed to popularizing of the online reviews as more reliable and most trusted. Online reviews provide face to face settings where one can engage in conversation online. Since the platform of engagement, the consumer also can escape from negative feelings easily as compared to when doing company advertisement especially the mouth to mouth advertising. The information displayed online caters for the needs of other consumers, and therefore one question may solve a number to other customers. The online reviews provide a self-enhancement platform where one can gain more knowledge of the product as provided online and also the reviews provide advice through responding to customer queries and concerns. There is an also increased social benefit as well as economic incentives such as discounts. Finally, the online review provides a platform to the customers to also help t he company. There are also an increased number of other studies which also provide trust is a significant virtue in online reviews in stimulating purchase. Consumers or customers in electronic commerce have to trust not only the website but also the company behind the site and why the site is trustworthy, as outlined in the study by Mudambi and Schuff (2010, p. 67). Trust, therefore, plays an important role in influencing consumer attitudes. Lemon and Verhoef (2016) also denote that the characteristics of the websites and the given information available might influence the online consumers of brands attitudes towards the online vendors. When a customer or consumer perceive that a website of a certain company presents quality information, they are more likely to have confidence that the vendor is reliable and trustworthy. The effects of a positive online review will, in the end, influence the customer attitudes towards a product. Online review risks can be cognition based, affect-based, experience based or even personality based. Such risks, however, may affect consumers attitudes and decisions about the purchase a product or not. Consumers may be afraid of the risks of fraud in the websites, the risk of inability to see, feel and try out a product and the sharing of personal details such as address and bank accounts. A bad experience with such risks from the customers may prompt the customers to post or such negative experiences on blogs and may adversely affect the companies (Wu et al. 2016, p. 67). Conclusion Both company advertising and online reviews play an important role in the marketing of products. However, the company advertising is more complex and ineffective in meeting the needs of the targeted market due to its nature while the online review technique has become the order of the day in the modern business world. Despite been posed with some associated risks, mechanisms to deal with the fraud issues need to be developed. The number of advantages attached to the online review outweighs the disadvantages or the risks associated with the websites. Consumers can, therefore, believe in the online reviews as compared to the company advertisement. There is an increased need for consumer knowledge and awareness in the online reviews. List of References Chen, K, Kim, J, Lin, J 2015, 'The effects of affective and cognitive elaborations from Facebook posts on consumer attitude formation', Journal Of Consumer Behaviour, 14, 3, pp. 208-218, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Dhurup, M, Muposhi, A, Shamhuyenhanzva, R 2015, 'Factors influencing South African consumers' attitudes and purchase intention towards foreign sport apparel', African Journal For Physical, Health Education, Recreation Dance, 21, 4:1, pp. 1271-1289, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Farhangi, A, Abaspour, A, Farahani, S, Ghasemi, R 2014, 'Analyzing the impact of social media on consumer attitudes toward the brand and their intention to purchase', Global Media Journal: Persian Edition, 9, 2, pp. 68-73, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Jha, S, Singh, B, K P, S 2014, 'Consumer Perception Scale in Store Environment (CPS-SE) for Measuring Consumer Buying Behavior', IUP Journal Of Marketing Management, 13, 3, pp. 48-70, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Kugler, L 2014, 'Keeping Online Reviews Honest', Communications Of The ACM, 57, 11, pp. 20-23, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Lemon, K, Verhoef, P 2016, 'Understanding Customer Experience Throughout the Customer Journey', Journal Of Marketing, 80, 6, pp. 69-96, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Lemon, K, Verhoef, P 2016, 'Understanding Customer Experience Throughout the Customer Journey', Journal Of Marketing, 80, 6, pp. 69-96, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Mudambi, S, Schuff, D 2010, 'What Makes A Helpful Online Review? A Study Of Customer Reviews On Amazon.Com', MIS Quarterly, 34, 1, pp. 185-200, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Nitzan, I, Libai, B 2011, 'Social Effects on Customer Retention', Journal Of Marketing, 75, 6, pp. 24-38, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Schindler, R, Bickart, B 2012, 'Perceived helpfulness of online consumer reviews: The role of message content and style', Journal Of Consumer Behaviour, 11, 3, pp. 234-243, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Soopramanien, D 2011, 'Conflicting attitudes and scepticism towards online shopping: the role of experience', International Journal Of Consumer Studies, 35, 3, pp. 338-347, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Walther, J, Liang, Y, Ganster, T, Wohn, D, Emington, J 2012, 'Online Reviews, Helpfulness Ratings, and Consumer Attitudes: An Extension of Congruity Theory to Multiple Sources in Web 2.0', Journal Of Computer-Mediated Communication, 18, 1, pp. 97-112, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017.

Normalization of the Erd free essay sample

Normalization of the ERD By: Vanessa Kennedy Normalization of the ERD The normalization of the ERD along with the driver’s log is taking all of the data within the database and putting the information into tables (World Book, 2011). In addition, after the data is normalized it then is put into an Entity Relationship Diagram or ERD (World Book, 2011). In this paper we will look at the ERD of the driver’s log. The normalization that I would perform on the driver’s log would be on the Driver’s Table.In this table I would have set it up to have an additional table for the Name, Employee ID Number, and Date of the Last Physical Examination, Date of Last Annual Drug Test, and the Date of the Last Random Drug Test. The information that is listed here is only needed if a problem should occur with the driver. The normalization that I would perform on the Driver’s Log Table is listed as follows; the first step is to create a table that contains the Content’s Name, Employee ID Number, Date (month, day, and year), Tractors ID Number, Trailer 1 ID Number, Trailer 2 ID Number, and Trailer 3 ID Number. We will write a custom essay sample on Normalization of the Erd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This would be the first table of the ERD. The reason why I would make this table is because I believe this is more for record keeping. With that being said by using this table it helps keep track of which driver has which tractor and trailer. Next there would be a second table created. In this table it would contain the following information; the table would have information such as Name, Employee ID Number, Date, Co-Driver name and Co-Driver Employee ID Number. The information on this table is a quick reference. The quick reference table will allow an individual to see who is working with each employee.Next there would be a third table created. The third table would contain the following information; Name, Employee ID Number, Off Duty Start and Stop Time, and the total of the Off Duty Hours. This table would be used to keep track of the off duty hours. This table would be used to keep an accurate account of the total hours for employees when they are not working. In addition to the three tables already created there would be a need for a fourth table. The fourth table that needs to be created would contain the following information; Name, Employee ID Number, Sleeper Berth, Start and Stop Time, and the Total Sleeper Berth Time. This particular table would show how long each employee uses the sleeper berth and also the total number of hours for each employee in the sleeper berth log. Next there needs to be a fifth table created for the diagram. This table would need to consist of the following information; Name, Employee ID Number, Date, Driving Start and Driving Stop Time, and the total number of hours that the employee is driving. This table would be used to see how long each employee is driving on each trip. This table also contains information of the total number of hours that each employee will drive while on shift.The sixth table that needs to be created needs contain additional information about the driver. This information will need to consist of the following; Name, Employee ID Number, On Duty (not driving) start and stop time, and the total number of hours on duty (not driving). This table would track each employee’s hours that were worked when not driving, this table also shows the total amount of hours worked but not while driving. The last table that needs to be created is would have to contain the following information; Name, Employee ID Number, Odometer start and stop miles and also the total amount of miles that each driver drives.The last table that I create is going to be used to track each of the driver’s odometer readings. This would include each time that they drive and the total amount of miles driven by each driver. All of the tables will have a comment column section included on the table. This is added so that additional information can be added when needed by office personnel or by the driver. I believe that the violations table only needs normalization if there is more than one citation and if there are more than one in a different sate or municipality issuing the citation. The driver’s log tables are important for drivers and employee to fill out in order to provide correct and accurate information. In order for the drivers log ERD to be successful is to make sure that there is no duplicate and unnecessary information. In this paper, we looked at the ERD of the driver’s log. We then looked at other tables that share a relationship with additional tables that go with the original table. I hope that you were able to learn about the ERD and the driver’s log.